Warfarin

From Wikipedia: Warfarin is an anticoagulant used as a medication under several brand names including Coumadin, and as a poison for rats and other pests. While the drug is described as a "blood thinner", it does not reduce viscosity but inhibits coagulation, and is commonly used to prevent blood clots in the circulatory system such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to protect against stroke in people who have atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, or artificial heart valves. Less commonly, it is used following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and orthopedic surgery. It is usually taken by mouth, but may also be administered intravenously.The common side effect, a natural consequence of reduced clotting, is bleeding. Less common side effects may include areas of tissue damage, and purple toes syndrome. Use is not recommended during pregnancy. The effects of warfarin are typically monitored by checking prothrombin time (INR) every one to four weeks. Many other medications and dietary factors can interact with warfarin, either increasing or decreasing its effectiveness. The effects of warfarin may be reversed with phytomenadione (vitamin K1), fresh frozen plasma, or prothrombin complex concentrate.Warfarin decreases blood clotting by blocking vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme that reactivates vitamin K1. Without sufficient active vitamin K1, clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X have decreased clotting ability. The anticlotting protein C and protein S are also inhibited, but to a lesser degree. A few days are required for full effect to occur, and these effects can last for up to five days. Because the mechanism involves enzymes such as VKORC1, patients on warfarin with polymorphisms of the enzymes may require adjustments in therapy if the genetic variant that they have is more readily inhibited by warfarin, thus requiring lower doses.Warfarin first came into large-scale commercial use in 1948 as a rat poison. It was formally approved as a medication to treat blood clots in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1954. In 1955, warfarin's reputation as a safe and acceptable treatment was bolstered when President Dwight D. Eisenhower was treated with warfarin following a massive and highly publicized heart attack. Eisenhower's treatment kickstarted a transformation in medicine whereby coronary artery disease, arterial plaques, and ischemic strokes were treated and protected against by using anticoagulants such as warfarin. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Warfarin is available as a generic medication and under many trade names. In 2020, it was the 58th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions.

Coalition status

BCI Phase out by 2021 BCI Phase out by 2021

The Producer has a plan to phase out by 2021 pesticides listed in category 1 of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of…

Bonsucro Banned Bonsucro Banned

Chemicals that are banned by the Bonsucro Production Standard…

Fairtrade Red Fairtrade Red
This list contains 207 pesticides. The list is valid as of January 2018. Prohibited pesticides that must not be used on Fairtrade products under any…
FSC highly restricted HHPs FSC highly restricted HHPs
Chemical pesticide presenting two or three out of the following hazards: acute toxicity, chronic toxicity and environmental toxicity.
GCP Red GCP Red
The use of active ingredients listed in the Red list is a practice with a maximum phase out period of three years for Equivalent schemes, i.e.…
Rainforest Exception , Rainforest prohibited Pesticides Rainforest Exception, Rainforest prohibited PesticidesRSB Ban RSB BanSAN HHP: phase-out , SAN Exception SAN HHP: phase-out, SAN Exception
The SAN List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides consists of 230 pesticides: SAN HHP Pesticides are classified as Highly Hazardous Pesticides according to…, Within its 2018 Sustainable Agriculture Framework and related projects, SAN promotes the elimination or phase-out of SAN HHPs without any general…
UEBT Prohibited UEBT Prohibited
The use of Prohibited Agrochemicals is prohibited for certified, prioritised and verified ingredients, because they are considered Highly Hazardous…
UTZ Prohibited UTZ Prohibited
A pesticide all uses of which have been prohibited by final regulatory action, in order to protect human health or the environment.

Details

Type: Pesticide
Use: Rodenticide
Example applications: Rats;Mice;Grey squirrels;Gophers
Example pests controlled: Rats;Mice;Grey squirrels;Gophers
Mode of action: 1st generation anticoagulant
Source: PPDB

Toxicty

Fatal if inhaled (H330)
Fatal if inhaled
Highly hazardous (Class WHO Ib)
WHO class I – b: highly hazardous
Mammal toxicity
Acute oral LD50 for most sensitive mammal species (LD50 < 200mg/kg bw).

Identifiers

Cas-RN: 81-81-2
Beilstein: 1293536
Chebi: 10033
CiPac: 70
EC: 201-377-6
PubChem: 54678486
US EPA: 86002

GHS safety labels

About Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
From Wikipedia: The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around the world. Core elements of the GHS include standardized hazard testing criteria, universal warning pictograms, and harmonized safety data sheets which provide users of dangerous goods with a host of information. The system acts as a complement to the UN Numbered system of regulated hazardous material transport. Implementation is managed through the UN Secretariat. Although adoption has taken time, as of 2017, the system has been enacted to significant extents in most major countries of the world.[1] This includes the European Union, which has implemented the United Nations' GHS into EU law as the CLP Regulation, and United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards.
  • GHS06: Toxic
    H300

    Fatal if swallowed


    Class: Acute Toxicity
    Subclass: Oral
  • GHS06: Toxic
    H310

    Fatal in contact with skin


    Class: Acute Toxicity
    Subclass: Dermal
  • GHS06: Toxic
    H330

    Fatal if inhaled


    Class: Acute Toxicity
    Subclass: Inhalation
  • H360

    May damage fertility or the unborn child (state specific effect if known)(state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard)


    Class: Toxic to Reproduction
  • GHS08: Health hazard
    H372

    Causes damage to organs (state all organs affected, if known) through prolonged or repeated exposure (state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard)


    Class: STOT
    Subclass: Repeated exposure
  • GHS09: Environmental hazard
    H411

    Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects


    Class: Aquatic
    Subclass: Chronic

Warfarin

Search on compound, trade name or registration number (CAS, Beilstein, Chebi)
From Wikipedia: Warfarin is an anticoagulant used as a medication under several brand names including Coumadin, and as a poison for rats and other pests. While the drug is described as a "blood thinner", it does not reduce viscosity but inhibits coagulation, and is commonly used to prevent blood clots in the circulatory system such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to protect against stroke in people who have atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, or artificial heart valves. Less commonly, it is used following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and orthopedic surgery. It is usually taken by mouth, but may also be administered intravenously.The common side effect, a natural consequence of reduced clotting, is bleeding. Less common side effects may include areas of tissue damage, and purple toes syndrome. Use is not recommended during pregnancy. The effects of warfarin are typically monitored by checking prothrombin time (INR) every one to four weeks. Many other medications and dietary factors can interact with warfarin, either increasing or decreasing its effectiveness. The effects of warfarin may be reversed with phytomenadione (vitamin K1), fresh frozen plasma, or prothrombin complex concentrate.Warfarin decreases blood clotting by blocking vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme that reactivates vitamin K1. Without sufficient active vitamin K1, clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X have decreased clotting ability. The anticlotting protein C and protein S are also inhibited, but to a lesser degree. A few days are required for full effect to occur, and these effects can last for up to five days. Because the mechanism involves enzymes such as VKORC1, patients on warfarin with polymorphisms of the enzymes may require adjustments in therapy if the genetic variant that they have is more readily inhibited by warfarin, thus requiring lower doses.Warfarin first came into large-scale commercial use in 1948 as a rat poison. It was formally approved as a medication to treat blood clots in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1954. In 1955, warfarin's reputation as a safe and acceptable treatment was bolstered when President Dwight D. Eisenhower was treated with warfarin following a massive and highly publicized heart attack. Eisenhower's treatment kickstarted a transformation in medicine whereby coronary artery disease, arterial plaques, and ischemic strokes were treated and protected against by using anticoagulants such as warfarin. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Warfarin is available as a generic medication and under many trade names. In 2020, it was the 58th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions.

Coalition status

BCI Phase out by 2021 BCI Phase out by 2021

The Producer has a plan to phase out by 2021 pesticides listed in category 1 of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of…

Bonsucro Banned Bonsucro Banned

Chemicals that are banned by the Bonsucro Production Standard…

Fairtrade Red Fairtrade Red
This list contains 207 pesticides. The list is valid as of January 2018. Prohibited pesticides that must not be used on Fairtrade products under any…
FSC highly restricted HHPs FSC highly restricted HHPs
Chemical pesticide presenting two or three out of the following hazards: acute toxicity, chronic toxicity and environmental toxicity.
GCP Red GCP Red
The use of active ingredients listed in the Red list is a practice with a maximum phase out period of three years for Equivalent schemes, i.e.…
Rainforest Exception , Rainforest prohibited Pesticides Rainforest Exception, Rainforest prohibited PesticidesRSB Ban RSB BanSAN HHP: phase-out , SAN Exception SAN HHP: phase-out, SAN Exception
The SAN List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides consists of 230 pesticides: SAN HHP Pesticides are classified as Highly Hazardous Pesticides according to…, Within its 2018 Sustainable Agriculture Framework and related projects, SAN promotes the elimination or phase-out of SAN HHPs without any general…
UEBT Prohibited UEBT Prohibited
The use of Prohibited Agrochemicals is prohibited for certified, prioritised and verified ingredients, because they are considered Highly Hazardous…
UTZ Prohibited UTZ Prohibited
A pesticide all uses of which have been prohibited by final regulatory action, in order to protect human health or the environment.

Details

Type: Pesticide
Use: Rodenticide
Example applications: Rats;Mice;Grey squirrels;Gophers
Example pests controlled: Rats;Mice;Grey squirrels;Gophers
Mode of action: 1st generation anticoagulant
Source: PPDB

Toxicty

Fatal if inhaled (H330)
Fatal if inhaled
Highly hazardous (Class WHO Ib)
WHO class I – b: highly hazardous
Mammal toxicity
Acute oral LD50 for most sensitive mammal species (LD50 < 200mg/kg bw).

Identifiers

Cas-RN: 81-81-2
Beilstein: 1293536
Chebi: 10033
CiPac: 70
EC: 201-377-6
PubChem: 54678486
US EPA: 86002

GHS safety labels

About Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
From Wikipedia: The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around the world. Core elements of the GHS include standardized hazard testing criteria, universal warning pictograms, and harmonized safety data sheets which provide users of dangerous goods with a host of information. The system acts as a complement to the UN Numbered system of regulated hazardous material transport. Implementation is managed through the UN Secretariat. Although adoption has taken time, as of 2017, the system has been enacted to significant extents in most major countries of the world.[1] This includes the European Union, which has implemented the United Nations' GHS into EU law as the CLP Regulation, and United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards.
  • GHS06: Toxic
    H300

    Fatal if swallowed


    Class: Acute Toxicity
    Subclass: Oral
  • GHS06: Toxic
    H310

    Fatal in contact with skin


    Class: Acute Toxicity
    Subclass: Dermal
  • GHS06: Toxic
    H330

    Fatal if inhaled


    Class: Acute Toxicity
    Subclass: Inhalation
  • H360

    May damage fertility or the unborn child (state specific effect if known)(state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard)


    Class: Toxic to Reproduction
  • GHS08: Health hazard
    H372

    Causes damage to organs (state all organs affected, if known) through prolonged or repeated exposure (state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard)


    Class: STOT
    Subclass: Repeated exposure
  • GHS09: Environmental hazard
    H411

    Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects


    Class: Aquatic
    Subclass: Chronic

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